X-Ray Absorptiometry
Fig. 1 DXA of the lumbar spine. a Patient positioned on DXA scanner (with fixed over-couch arm) for postero-anterior (PA – the X-ray source is below the table and the detectors…
Use of FRAX® in DXA Interpretation
Fig. 1 DXA scan results at the hip in a 67-year-old woman with a history of proximal humerus fracture. The femoral neck T-score is −2.3. The FRAX results are shown on…
and Kyphoplasty
Fig. 1 85-year-old woman with severe back pain from L1 fracture with mild retropulsion. Unilateral transpedicular kyphoplasty results in pain relief. CT of the lumbar spine, coronal (a) and sagittal (b)…
Ultrasound and Fracture Risk Assessment
Fig. 1 Description of BUA where (a) the amplitude spectra for a sample and reference material are compared resulting in (b) attenuation as a function of frequency. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)…
of Osteoporosis
Baron R, Rawadi G (2007) Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway to regulate bone formation in the adult skeleton. Endocrinology 148:2635–2643PubMedCrossRef Bilezikian JP (2008) Combination anabolic and antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis: opening…
Role of Transcranial Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Movement Disorders
Transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) may provide supplementary information to other neuroimaging methods, adding valuable information to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of movement disorders. The value of TCS in the…
Role of Neuroimaging in the Evaluation of Tremor
The role for neuroimaging in the management of patients with tremor is gradually increasing, particularly with respect to stereotactic neurosurgery and deep brain stimulation where less than 2-mm tolerance is…
How Can Neuroimaging Help in the Diagnosis of Movement Disorders?
The main role of computed axial tomography in the field of movement disorders was to exclude uncommon but potentially reversible structural abnormalities including tumors, chronic subdural hematoma, and communicating hydrocephalus…
Anatomy of the Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus on MR Imaging
The substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus are two key structures in the midbrain that are very important in movement disorders, particularly those associated with parkinsonism. Using conventional magnetic resonance (MR)…
