Renal Circulation
Fig. 10.1 (a) Schematic drawing of the arterial supply and venous drainage of the kidneys. CT celiac trunk, CIA common iliac artery, CIV common iliac vein, LGV left gonadal vein,…
Doppler Sonography of the Scrotum
Fig. 13.1 Schematic drawing of the scrotal contents (Courtesy of Dr. Felix Trinkler, Zürich, Switzerland, and Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag GmbH). (Drawing by Blankvisual, Thun, Switzerland) Three major atrial appendages have been…
Doppler Sonography of the Mesenteric Circulation
Fig. 9.1 (a–c) Longitudinal section through the middle upper abdomen: the image shows the normal origin of the coeliac trunk (TC) and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from the descending…
Doppler Sonography of the Head and Neck
Fig. 4.1 (a) Transverse section of the thyroid gland (panorama view). The thyroid shows homogeneous echotexture. CA common carotid artery, JV jugular vein, SCM sternocleidomastoid muscle, T trachea. (b) Longitudinal…
Doppler Sonography of the Spleen
Fig. 7.1 Normal anatomy of the coeliac trunk and its branches. The transverse section through the upper abdomen shows the aorta, coeliac trunk and its main branches, the hepatic and…
Doppler Sonography of the Abdominal Vessels
Abdominal aorta Coeliac trunk Common hepatic artery Splenic artery Superior mesenteric artery Renal artery Segmental arteries Interlobar arteries Interlobular arteries Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery External iliac artery Table…
Physical and Technical Principles of Doppler Sonography
Fig. 1.1 (Left) Generation and propagation of sound waves. (Centre) Shortening of sound waves caused by an approaching acoustic source. (Right) Prolongation of sound waves when the acoustic source is…
Transcranial Colour Doppler Sonography (TCDI)
Fig. 3.1 The arterial circle of Willis and the vertebrobasilar arterial system. The ophthalmic artery (OA) originates from the internal carotid artery in the cerebral segment. The internal carotid artery…
Duplex Sonography of Paediatric Peripheral Vessels and Soft Tissue
Fig. 14.1 Typical flow patterns in peripheral arteries. (a) Laminar flow in an arterial vessel. In small vessels, blood behaves like a Newton fluid (no internal friction); therefore, the velocity…
Adrenal Glands
Fig. 11.1 (a) Pathologic anatomic specimen of a premature born infant. The image shows the large size of the normal adrenal gland in comparison with the kidney with normal renculation….
