Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Fig. 12.1 Beam configuration for an intensity-modulated radiation therapy plan to treat a patient with non-small lung cancer. The beams are separated by 25–30° so as to avoid parallel opposed…
Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
Fig. 16.1 The relative distribution of radiation dose in the treatment of esophageal cancer with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) Thus, when optimal beam…
Sequelae of Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer: Their Prevention and Therapy
Year Author n Stage Mean dose (Gy) constraint End point assessments Objective Subjective 2013 Chen et al. [9], Blanco et al. [10] 31 I–IV <25.8 SGS NS 2010 Eisbruch et…
Principles of IMRT
Fig. 2.1 Example of an IMRT case in which the tongue-and-groove effect resulted in a line of reduced dose through the target. Black isodose lines show the calculated dose distribution;…
History of IMRT
© Springer Japan 2015Yasumasa Nishimura and Ritsuko Komaki (eds.)Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy10.1007/978-4-431-55486-8_1 1. History of IMRT Michael D. Mills1 and Shiao Y. Woo1 (1) Department of Radiation Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 529 S Jackson St,…
Cerebral Doppler Sonography
Fig. 2.1 (a) Anatomical specimen of a newborn brain through the midline. The basilar artery (BA) runs in front of the pons cerebri (P) and the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)…
Doppler Sonography of the Liver in Infants and Children
Fig. 6.1 Bidirectional power Doppler. Tortuous course of a recanalised umbilical vein. Different flow directions are marked in blue and red colours, but not as consistently clear as in colour…
Cardiovascular Diseases Which Influence the Flow in the Extracardial Arteries
Congestive cardiomyopathy Fibroelastosis of the left ventricle Hypoplastic left heart disease Critical aortic stenosis Table 15.2 Obstructions of the aortic arch and isthmus which influence blood flow in the abdominal…
Renal Circulation
Fig. 10.1 (a) Schematic drawing of the arterial supply and venous drainage of the kidneys. CT celiac trunk, CIA common iliac artery, CIV common iliac vein, LGV left gonadal vein,…
Doppler Sonography of the Scrotum
Fig. 13.1 Schematic drawing of the scrotal contents (Courtesy of Dr. Felix Trinkler, Zürich, Switzerland, and Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag GmbH). (Drawing by Blankvisual, Thun, Switzerland) Three major atrial appendages have been…
