Fig. 54.1 Visualizing both RF-ablation (red arrows) and cryoablation (freezing) lesions (yellow arrows) placed in a swine heart using the LGE pulse sequence. Note the different appearance of cryo lesions…
Fig. 55.1 Schematic representation of imaging sequences Spin Echo SE and Gradient Echo GE. SE: after a 90° pulse, a second pulse (180°) rotates the transverse magnetisation by 180° about…
Fig. 12.1 The overall setup for a CT-guided interventional procedure. The patient is positioned on the CT table (left) and scanned from the radiation-shielded control room (middle). The probe is…
Electrode manufacturer Type of RF electrodes Alloy X m (cm3/mol) Diameter (mm) Shaft length (mm) Active tip length (mm) RF system Power regulation Cool-Tip MR Radionics (Burlington, MA) [9, 17,…
Fig. 60.1 Published data on image-guided liver surgery and arranged by nature of end points (technical, clinical) vs. objectivity (qualitative and quantitative) While demonstrating efficacy on a technical level can…
Fig. 33.1 Neurobiopsy from rear of scanner. (a) Neurosurgeon easily reaches into short-bore MR scanner to align trajectory guide for MR-guided neurobiopsy. (b) Oblique sagittal turboFLAIR MR image shows needle…
Fig. 48.1 (a) Axial CT image of a 78-year-old man shows lytic lesions of the left ilium (white arrow) and right sacrum. (b) Axial CT image shows percutaneous core needle…
Fig. 47.1 The image intensifier BV 20 was introduced by C.H.F. Müller (later to become Philips) in 1954. Optimized for surgery, the design of a C-arm with the X-ray tube…
3D angiography 2D fluoroscopy Real-time interventional CT Flexible geometry with appropriate and safe patient access (i.e., for anesthesia) OR environment: surgical lights spots and sterility facility Surgical microscope (with ICG…
1 Revision sinus surgery 2 Distorted sinus anatomy of development, postoperative, or traumatic origin 3 Extensive sino-nasal polyposis 4 Pathology involving the frontal, posterior ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses 5 Disease…
