Trigger Point Injections
Study Sample size Transducer/US system TrP ultrasound appearance Sikdar et al. [27] 9 Linear array12–5 MHz (Philip iU22 clinical US system with L12–5 transducer) “Focal hypoechoic (darker) areas with heterogeneous…
Neuromuscular/Chemodenervation
Pattern Etiology Flexor synergy with hemiparesis CVA, traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy Crouch gait Cerebral palsy Torticollis Prematurity, cervical dystonia Scissoring gait Cerebral palsy A comprehensive approach considering…
Introduction
Fig. 1.1 (a) Example of short-axis (to the nerve) in-plane (to the needle) injection. (b) Example of short-axis (to the nerve) out-of-plane (to the needle) injection Fig. 1.2 When the…
Vascular Tumors
Prognosis Hemangiomas → benign lesions Hemangioendothelioma → good prognosis Angiosarcoma → poor prognosis 51.1 Characteristics of the Single Entities 51.1.1 Hemangioma of Bone Definition: Benign solitary tumor composed of newly formed vessels. Epidemiology: Rare tumors, accounting…
Liposarcomas
Localization: Anywhere there is fat. Most common in thigh, retroperitoneum, inguinal region, and popliteal fossa. Never in the hands, feet, and neck. Clinical: Insidiously growing, deep-seated, ill-defined mass that usually…
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Localization: Almost exclusive of the long bones, it originates from the metaphysis. Rare in the diaphyses, exceptional in flat bones. The most typical site is the distal metaphysis of the…
Vascular Tumors: Hemangioma, Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, and Angiosarcoma
Clinical: Superficial (cutaneous/subcutaneous) hemangiomas are reddish-wine-colored painless lesions, generally present at birth. Intramuscular hemangioma arises within the belly of a single muscle; only in the hand and foot it may…
Synovial Sarcoma (SS)
Location: 80 % extremities. Lower limb (60 %: thigh, knee, foot, ankle) and upper limb (23 %: forearm, wrist, shoulder). Only 10 % within a joint. Usually, close to a…
Myositis Ossificans
Clinical: Posttraumatic type: painful enlarging mass with intense inflammation of the surrounding tissues. If the involved anatomic compartment is immobilized, inflammation resolves, and the mass slowly regresses. Complete maturation of…
