10.1055/b-0039-166448 11 Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators Neurotransmitters convey signals at the synapses between neurons or between neurons and effector organs (muscle cells, glandular cells). Neuromodulators presynaptically influence the amount of neurotransmitter…
10.1055/b-0039-166446 9 Topography of the Head–Neck Region The head–neck region may be described as the region between the head and neck. From a systematic view point, the pharynx is considered…
10.1055/b-0039-166445 8 Facial Topography Topography describes the positional relationship of anatomical structures. Standard textbooks of cranial topography prior to the era of cross-sectional imaging favored the depiction of anatomic structures…
10.1055/b-0039-166443 6 Brainstem 3D views of the brainstem, its nuclei, and 10 brainstem sections, from inferior to superior, have been described in this section of the book. ▶Fig. 6.1 illustrates…
10.1055/b-0039-166439 2 Tomography and Landmarks CT and MRI are widely used cross-sectional imaging modalities offering excellent imaging capabilities for the head and spine. 2.1 Computed Tomography The spiral (helical) or…
10.1055/b-0039-166438 1 Introduction 1.1 Aims and Objectives Computed Tomography and MRI allow rapid and detailed diagnosis of circulatory disturbances, intracranial bleeding, other space occupying lesions as well as disorders of…
10.1055/b-0038-166397 Part 6 Brain and Spine Imaging Case 151Michael Doherty Fig. 151.1 Sagittal T1 FLAIR image shows outward radiation of medial hemispheric sulci from the third ventricle and an abnormal…
10.1055/b-0038-166395 Part 4 Musculoskeletal Imaging Case 90Rebecca Stein-Wexler Fig. 90.1 Frontal radiograph shows unusually short ribs. The iliac wings are flared, and the acetabula have a trident configuration. The spine…
10.1055/b-0038-166393 Part 2 Gastrointestinal Imaging Case 31Rebecca Stein-Wexler Fig. 31.1 Frontal view from an esophagram demonstrates a well-circumscribed defect that indents the left lateral wall of the esophagus (a). An…
10.1055/b-0038-166392 Part 1 Airway, Cardiac, and Chest Imaging Case 1Karen M. Ayotte Fig. 1.1 Frontal view of the neck reveals subglottic tracheal narrowing with loss of normal shouldering of the…
