Functional MR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
A variable effectiveness of reparative and recovery mechanisms following tissue damage is among the factors that might contribute to explaining resolution of symptoms and maintenance of a normal level of…
Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
We introduce the fundamental aspects of MT, of MT MR imaging, and the respective analysis techniques. We then review the applications of MT MR imaging to multiple sclerosis. Finally we…
Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging
Diffusion tensor (DT) MR imaging is able to detect and quantify multiple sclerosis (MS)–related tissue damage within and outside T2-visible lesions. DT MR imaging has also been shown to be…
Neurointerventional Management of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck
Mulliken and Glowacki’s seminal classification of vascular anomalies into vascular tumors (with infantile hemangiomas being paradigmatic) versus nontumorous vascular malformations has been as important in the head and neck region…
Update on Endovascular Management of the Carotid Blowout Syndrome
Carotid blowout syndrome can be a life-threatening late complication of surgical and radiation therapy for head and neck tumors in the vicinity of the cervical carotid artery. The syndrome spans…
Developmental Anatomy, Angiography, and Clinical Implications of Orbital Arterial Variations Involving the Stapedial Artery
Classical anatomists have provided detailed description of the arterial collateral pathways found in the head and neck. The small branches building this intricate network are difficult to access. The arterial…
Endovascular Treatment of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. CCFs are broadly classified as either direct or indirect. Surgical treatment of CCFs is…
Cervical Dissections: Diagnosis, Management, and Endovascular Treatment
Cervical arterial dissections and dissecting aneurysms are relatively rare pathologies, but can be associated with significant morbidity from ischemic complications. We review the challenges in diagnosing cervical arterial dissections, their…
Neurointerventional Management of High-Flow Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck
Head and neck high-flow vascular malformations are uncommon lesions whose management presents a clinical challenge. Although in some rare cases a complete cure is possible, in the vast majority the…
Embolization of Vascular Tumors of the Head and Neck
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas and paragangliomas are the most common hypervascular tumors of the head and neck that require embolization as an adjunct to surgery. A detailed understanding of the functional…
