Overview of CT Colonography
Algorithm 11.1 Risk of Adenoma to Carcinoma” [3–7] Hence, the success of any diagnostic test as a colorectal cancer screening tool lies in its ability to accurately diagnose polyps measuring 1…
GENERAL RADIOLOGY
Post-locoregional Therapy Imaging of the Liver
Fig. 4.1 A 64-year-old male with unresectable HCC. The segment II lesion (arrow) demonstrates hyperenhancement on the contrast-enhanced gradient echo MRI images before treatment (a). Immediately after administration of radioembolization…
Overview of CT and MRI Techniques of the Liver
Fig. 1.1 Axial non-contrast CT image shows that the liver measures 10 HU less than the spleen secondary to fatty infiltration The abnormal hepatic accumulation of copper, glycogen, or iron…
Radioactive Decay and Interaction of Radiation with Matter
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsAtomic structureNuclear structureRadioactive decayDecay equation γ Ray interactionAttenuation Atomic Structure Matter is composed of atoms. An atom consists of a nucleus…
Data Acquisition and Corrections
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsPET dataSinogramPET/CTPET/MRAttenuation correctionTime of flightArtifacts PET Data Acquisition Positron emission tomography (PET) is based on the detection in coincidence of the…
Performance Characteristics of PET Scanners
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsSpatial resolutionSensitivityRandom countsScatter fractionQuality controlAcceptance testing Introduction In PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, PET images are of primary interest, whereas CT and…
PET Scanning Systems
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsDetectorsBlock detectorsPETPET/CTPET/MRAnimal scanner Background The detection and measurement of radiation is based on the interaction of radiations with matter discussed in…
Image Reconstruction
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsImage reconstructionFiltered backprojectionIterative methodsMLEMOSEMPartial volume Introduction Projection data acquired in two-dimensional (2D) mode or three-dimensional (3D) mode are stored in sinograms…
Cyclotron and Production of PET Radionuclides
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsCyclotronTarget processingRadionuclide productionRadionuclide yield Introduction Nearly 3700 nuclides are known to exist, of which approximately 280 are stable and the remainder…
NRC Regulations for Radiation Protection in PET
(1) Cleveland Clinic, Emeritus Staff, Cleveland, OH, USA KeywordsNRC regulationsRadiation protection10CFR2010CFR35DOT NRC Regulations for PET Radiopharmaceuticals Until 2005, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulated only by-product materials that were…
