Ajita Deodhar • John A. Kaufman The goal of endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is complete exclusion of the aneurysm sac so that it is no longer…

Karen T. Brown Because the hepatic artery provides most blood flow to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the portal vein providing trophic blood supply to the liver parenchyma,1 and the paucity…

Paul N. M. Lohle BACKGROUND In the pathophysiology of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), two groups may be distinguished: HMB based on anatomic or organic abnormalities (fibroids, adenomyosis, clotting disorders) and…

M. Imran Chaudry • Alejandro Spiotta • Raymond Turner • Harris Hawk • Jonathan R. Lena • Aquilla Turk The International Symptomatic Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) and the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm…

Mary E. Meek • James C. Meek A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a direct connection between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. These high-flow, low pressure, thin-walled fistulae are…

Howard Richard Pelvic pain can be divided into acute pain, recurrent pelvic pain, and chronic pelvic pain. Acute pain rarely lasts more than 1 month. It typically resolves of its…

Dheeraj Rajan • Ricardo Yamada In 2006, the last update of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative along with the Fistula First program reinforced the concept of arteriovenous fistula (AVF)…

Ricardo Yamada • Andre Uflacker • Austin Bourgeois • Joshua D. Adams • Marcelo Guimaraes Onyx (Covidien, Irvine, California) was initially manufactured as a dialysis matrix for separating immunoglobulin from…

Gary P. Siskin • Tara Murray • Marcelo Guimaraes PRINCIPLES OF EMBOLIZATION THERAPY Embolization is defined as the intentional endovascular occlusion of an artery or vein.1 Presently, this procedure has…

Joseph J. Zechlinski • William S. Rilling Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a broad spectrum of tumors arising from neuroendocrine (NE) cells throughout the body, often secreting peptides which cause characteristic…