Genomic test Target Specimen requirements Technique Characteristics OncotypeDx 21 genes FFPE RT-PCR Recurrence score (0–100) predicts likelihood of recurrence at 10 years. Role in predicting response to adjuvant and neoadjuvant…
S b is the measured signal intensity of the DWI with gradient factor attenuation b (s/mm2), and S 0 is the measured signal intensity in the absence of diffusion weighting…
where represents the number of biomarkers, is the sum of variances of all of the items, and is the variance of the total score provided by the instrument. This parameter…
in the image by computing a weighted average of surrounding pixels using a robust similarity measure that takes into account the neighboring pixels surrounding the pixel being compared: (5.1)where w(x…
Fig. 20.1 Illustrative example of a synthetic spectrum signal showing the water (highest peak, on the left) and the multiple fat peaks. On a 3 Tesla MR, the main fat…
Fig. 19.1 Density analysis of the proximal femur with QCT. (a) Coronal cross section where neck and trochanteric voxels have been highlighted in white. (b) Cortical (green contours) and trabecular…
Fig. 14.1 Main features of the different imaging biomarkers platform architectures existing nowadays 14.4 A Proposed Architecture The ideal solution would consist on a platform covering the features mentioned in…
Fig. 2.1 Healthcare cycle and imaging biomarkers’ main hallmarks Radiology approaches are based on the interaction of energy and living organisms to analyze tissue noninvasively, revealing properties relevant to detection,…
Fig. 12.1 A T2w fast spin echo image of the liver demonstrating geographic variation of fibrosis. Clearly biopsies obtained at location 1 and 2 are likely to differ considerably in…
Fig. 15.1 Top, from left to right: T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density and FLAIR images, obtained in an MS patient. Bottom: same images overlaid with expert manual delineation of MS lesions…
