Radiology Key

Foot, Ankle, and Calf Thomas H. Berquist Protocols Key Facts Routine radiographs Ankle: anteroposterior (AP), lateral, mortise view Foot: standing AP, standing lateral, oblique (Certain patients may not be able…

Knee Thomas H. Berquist Protocols Radiographs or computed radiography images Routine images Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (minimum two views) Trauma AP, lateral (cross-table preferred to detect lipohemarthrosis), both obliques Patella…

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms Thomas H. Berquist Mark J. Kransdorf Bone Tumors/Tumorlike Conditions: Imaging Approaches Key Facts Imaging studies are essential for detecting, characterizing, and staging bone lesions. Radiographs, computed tomography (CT),…

Hand and Wrist Thomas H. Berquist Protocols Routine radiographs Hand: posteroanterior (PA), lateral, oblique views Wrist: PA, lateral, scaphoid views Wrist motion (instability) series: PA views with radial deviation, ulnar…

Miscellaneous Conditions Thomas H. Berquist Bone Islands (Enostosis) Key Facts Bone islands are benign sclerotic areas in bone. They may be single or multiple. Bone islands typically are noted incidentally…

Orthopedic Appliances and Prostheses Thomas H. Berquist Internal Fixation Systems Key Facts There are numerous internal fixation devices, most with a specific indication or anatomic design. Selection of the appropriate…

Arthropathies/Connective Tissue Diseases Thomas H. Berquist Protocols Key Facts Routine radiographs remain the primary screening technique for evaluating arthropathies. Anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and oblique views of involved joints should be…

Shoulder/Arm Thomas H. Berquist Protocols Key Facts • Routine radiography Shoulder Routine views include anteroposterior (AP), true AP (40-degree posterior oblique), axillary, and scapular “Y” views Special views Apical oblique,…

Spine Thomas H. Berquist Douglas S. Fenton Protocols Key Facts Routine radiographs Cervical spine Trauma/routine Anteroposterior (AP), lateral, AP odontoid, both obliques (must see C7–T1) Special Swimmer’s view for cervicothoracic…

Metabolic Diseases Thomas H. Berquist Osteoporosis: Basic Concepts Key Facts Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mass. It is the most common clinical bone disease. Osteoporosis affects 75 million people…