Synovial Chondromatosis
Location: >50 % knee, then elbow, shoulder, wrist, hip, and ankle. Extra-articular form in the fingers. Clinical: Pain, limited joint motion, and sensation of joint crackling. Rare blocking and joint…
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) and Giant-Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Location: (a) Paratendinous (frequent): in the sheath of a flexor tendon of the fingers, in the palm of the hand close to a metacarpophalangeal joint, in the wrist, on the…
Multiple Myeloma
Localization: The axial skeleton is the preferred site. In the appendicular skeleton, the metaepiphyses are preferred. Very rare in bones of the hand and foot. Clinical: Pain (usually relieved by…
Metastatic Carcinoma
Localization: The most common locations of metastatic carcinoma are the spine, pelvis, femur, ribs, and skull. Metastases may affect any bone but are rare distal to elbow and knee. Clinical:…
Adamantinoma
Localization: Diaphysis of the long bones. The tibia is affected in 80 % of cases. Followed by the fibula, femur, humerus, ulna, and radius. Exceptional in the soft tissues of…
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma
Location: Deep soft tissues of the thigh and buttocks. Clinical: Progressively enlarging painless mass. Imaging: X-rays, CT, and MRI reveal a large deep-seated soft tissue mass with variable mineralization. By…
Primary Lymphoma of Bone
Localization: About half of the cases are localized in the skeleton of the trunk and skull (particularly jaws). The other half occurs in the long bones (metaphysis or diaphysis). Not…
Classic Osteosarcoma
Imaging: The plain x-ray is usually diagnostic. Typically, OS starts intramedullary but breaches the cortex and expands in the soft tissues. It is usually a combination of radiolucency and radiodensity,…
Extraskeletal Ewing’s Sarcoma
Location: Any soft tissue site can be involved, but most common are the paravertebral region, retroperitoneum, and chest wall, followed by the extremities. Clinical: Large, destructive mass. Histopathology: Grossly it…
Clear Cell Sarcoma
Location: Foot, ankle, knee, and upper limb. Clinical: Slowly growing, moderate size, painless, globose mass. Diagnosis: On MRI, elliptical, smoothly outlined mass, slightly or markedly hyperintense on T1, white lesion…
