Fundamentals
Chapter 1. Fundamentals Sonographers must have an in-depth understanding of the all facets of ultrasound imaging to perform examinations efficiently and accurately. The sonographic examination is not a collection of…
Biliary System
Chapter 2. Biliary System Patient Preparation • Patients should fast for 6 to 12 hours; emergency examinations may be done with or without fasting. Equipment and Technical Factors • A…
Chest Including Lungs and Mediastinum
Pitfalls in the mediastinum Pericardial recesses Azygos valve Thrombus in great vessels Gastroesophageal junction pathologies Cisterna chyli Tracheo-bronchomalacia Pitfalls in the lungs Focal pleural thickening mimicking nodule High-density nodule on…
Abdomen: Solid Organs
Fig. 15.1 (a) US image of the left lobe of the liver shows the stomach obscuring the aorta and inferior vena cava. (b) Coronal contrast-enhanced reconstructed CT image shows a…
Pediatrics
Fig. 20.1 Skull radiograph of an 18-month-old child who suffered non-accidental injury shows multiple skull fractures (open arrows) with the straight sharp margins. This contrasts with the zigzag pattern of…
Musculoskeletal System
Fig. 8.1 Fatigue fracture of the proximal tibial shaft in a 10-year-old girl who presented with left leg pain and no history of trauma. The initial frontal radiograph was normal…
Head and Neck
Fig. 11.1 Hypoattenuation in the fissula ante fenestram in an 8-year-old patient. (a) Axial CT image shows faint area of hypoattenuation anterior to the oval window (arrow). (b) Coronal CT…
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fig. 18.1 US illustrations show improved demonstration of details in small structures with transvaginal US examination. (a) Transabdominal US image shows a small postmenopausal uterus (within calipers). (b) Transvaginal US…
Ultrasound Imaging
Fig. 1.1 Schematic diagram of an ultrasound beam. The primary (main) beam narrows as it approaches the focal zone and then diverges. Grating lobes and slide lobes are both off-axis…
