Bacteria Fungi Parasites Mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium) Spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira interrogans, Treponema pallidum) Brucella Tropheryma whippelii Listeria monocytogenes Neisseria meningitidis Francisella tularensis Actinomycetes Nocardia Cryptococcus neoformans Coccidoides immitis…
Neurodegenerative disease processes lead to the destruction of normally functioning neurons and their replacement by functionally deficient tissue such as glial scar tissue. In many cases the actual causes of…
Head Trauma W. Wiesmann 4.1 Introduction and Epidemiology The incidence of head trauma requiring hospitalization is estimated at 200 to 300 cases per 100,000 population per year. Children under 15 years old…
Fig. 16.1 Flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases that may affect the spinal cord. Intramedullary processes cause variable neurologic symptoms that can range from mild sensory disturbances to…
Metabolic brain disorders generally result from a disturbance of normal metabolic processes involving defects in the synthesis or breakdown of certain substances. Clinical manifestations are usually based on the site…
Clinical presentation (attacks) Objective clinical lesions Additional criteria needed 2 or more 2 or more None; clinical evidence for multiple sclerosis will suffice 2 or more 1 Dissemination in space…
Diseases of the peripheral nervous system are the most common neurologic disorders. The basic diagnostic workup of neuromuscular diseases and peripheral neuropathies relies on the clinical examination supplemented by electrophysiologic…
Brain Tumors O. Jansen and A. C. Rohr 3.1 Introduction Various criteria can be used in the classification of intracranial tumors. It is common, for example, to classify brain tumors by…
Fig. 24.1 Young male. Kick on left flank, subcapsular renal hematoma. (a) Baseline ultrasound (US) shows a hyperechoic oval pseudo-mass imprinting the renal profile. (b) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) depicts subcapsular…
