Solid pancreatic masses
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Adenocarcinoma: inactivation of multiple antioncogenes, as well as issues with deoxyribonucleic acid mismatch repair ( BRCA2 ). Smoking, diet high in meat and solvent exposure are…
Chronic liver disease
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen below the diaphragm. It is mostly covered by ribs but the lower portion of…
Right upper quadrant pain
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ There are three major anatomic regions that may contribute to right upper quadrant pain. Organ systems with differential diagnoses include: ◼ Gastrointestinal system: liver, biliary, pancreas,…
Pancreatitis
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The pancreas is a lobulated, unencapsulated gland located in the anterior pararenal space of the retroperitoneum. ◼ Pancreatic development: two outpouchings or buds develop from the…
Imaging of the postoperative bowel
Types of bowel surgeries, their indications, and postprocedural anatomy Esophagectomy All esophagectomy techniques involve partial or complete resection of the esophagus with a new anastomosis to esophagus, stomach, or bowel….
Colorectal cancer and screening
Anatomy ◼ Adenomas can develop anywhere in the colon or rectum but are seen with the greatest frequency in the sigmoid colon. ◼ The frequency of polyp occurrence in each…
Mesenteric ischemia
Anatomy ◼ The arterial supply of the small bowel is predominantly from the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). ◼ The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and the internal iliac…
Bowel wall thickening
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Most of the small and large bowels originate from the midgut, except the proximal duodenum (up to the ampulla of Vater), which originates from the foregut,…
Small bowel obstruction
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The small bowel is a long, mobile, and compressible tubular structure located in the mid-abdomen, surrounded circumferentially by the large bowel. ◼ The small bowel caliber…
Hollow viscus perforation
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Extraluminal air is a worrisome finding that should immediately heighten the suspicion of the radiologist to a potentially life-threatening complication. ◼ The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is…
