10.1055/b-0034-87902 Oral Cavity: The Pharynx Table 4.40 Pharyngeal/prevertebral soft-tissue swelling Diagnosis Findings Comments Normal: anterior buckling (expiration±flexion) in the ear lobe Lateral radiograph: “pseudothickening”—if neck not adequately extended or flexed…
10.1055/b-0034-87901 Nasal Cavity: Paranasal Sinuses Table 4.38 Small/absent sinuses Diagnosis Findings Comments Congenital absence Absence of frontal sinuses in 5% of population. Cretinism Delayed/decreased pneumatisation of sinuses. Down syndrome Absent…
10.1055/b-0034-87900 Nasal Cavity: The Nares and Nasal Passages Table 4.37 Opacification Diagnosis Findings Comments Choanal atresia/stenosis Fig. 4.134 CT: measure width of both posterior choanae at maximum stenosis and width…
10.1055/b-0034-87876 Anomalous Renal Size Unilateral Small Kidneys A kidney is small if it is > 2 standard deviations (SDs) below normal size for age. Causes may be congenital, secondary to…
10.1055/b-0034-87880 Pelvicaliceal System Table 3.12 Dilatation of the entire PC system Diagnosis Findings Comments UPJ obstruction (see UPJ obstruction, Table 3.5 ) Intrinsic ureteral obstruction Plain X-ray: calculus (but 30%…
10.1055/b-0034-87883 The Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Masses Masses can be cystic ( Table 3.25 ) or solid ( Table 3.26 ). An adrenal mass in a fetus is usually a neuroblastoma,…
10.1055/b-0034-87881 The Scrotum and Testes The testes are located in the scrotum in 90% of full-term infants. When not in the scrotum, they are usually to be found within the…
10.1055/b-0034-87882 The Adrenal Glands The adrenal glands are Z-shaped ( Fig. 3.67a ) unless there is absence or ectopia of the adjacent kidney, in which case they are discoid (…
10.1055/b-0034-87861 Liver: Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic Diseases Diffuse Parenchymal Disease Table 2.1 Nonhomogeneous liver parenchyma Diagnosis Findings Comments Cirrhosis: Regenerative changes in biliary atresia, chronic active hepatitis, cystic fibrosis, hepatic…
10.1055/b-0034-87868 The Gastrointestinal Tract: Duodenum Table 2.41 The duodenum mucosal wall changes and filling defects Diagnosis Findings Comments Duodenitis Fig. 2.76 Coarse and transverse thickening of the folds. Involvement of…
