Ambiguous Genitalia
Abstract Ambiguous genitalia is a morphologic diagnosis, with various underlying genetic and hormonal etiologies. Because of the complex genetic, hormonal, physical, and social factors involved, determination of fetal sex in…
Fetal Adrenal Abnormalities
Abstract Fetal adrenal abnormalities can arise from either structural or functional anomalies. Structural abnormalities can be visualized on ultrasound as solid or cystic structures, such as neuroblastoma or hemorrhage. Congenital…
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung
Abstract A congenital cystic adenomatous malformation is a developmental lung malformation consisting of abnormal hamartomatous or dysplastic lung tissue and bronchoalveolar structures. The diagnosis can be made during fetal life…
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Abstract Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a congenital developmental lung pathology characterized by a supernumerary lung tissue that receives its blood supply by a systemic feeding artery usually originating from the descending…
Abnormal Kidney Location
Abstract There are three abnormalities of kidney location: simple renal ectopia or pelvic kidney, crossed renal ectopia, and horseshoe kidney. Simple renal ectopia is a kidney that is located on…
Hydrothorax
Abstract Fetal hydrothorax is an intrathoracic effusion that arises in the fetus, may occur unilaterally or bilaterally, and may be primary or secondary. It constitutes a nonspecific finding, because it…
Scimitar Syndrome
Abstract Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly characterized by a unilateral anomalous pulmonary venous drainage consisting of an aberrant vein that drains the lung blood flow into the…
Other Thoracic Tumors and Masses
Abstract Other thoracic tumors can be found in fetal life, which are not described in previous chapters. Bronchogenic cysts are masses derived from abnormal budding of the ventricular diverticulum that…
Posterior Urethral Valves
Abstract The most common cause of fetal bladder outlet obstruction is posterior urethral valves. Ultrasound examination shows a dilated, thick-walled bladder, often with dilatation of the proximal urethra—the “keyhole” sign….
