Mitral Valve Repair
Mitral Valve Repair Maurice Hogan and Jörg Ender INDICATIONS Mitral valve (MV) regurgitation is the most prevalent isolated heart valve disease (1), and valve repair or replacement remains the only…
CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
Transesophageal Echocardiography of the Thoracic Aorta
Transesophageal Echocardiography of the Thoracic Aorta Roman M. Sniecinski ALTHOUGH SIMPLE IN STRUCTURE, THE thoracic aorta is a crucial component of the routine perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination. Pathologies such…
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Coronary Revascularization
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Coronary Revascularization Donna L. Greenhalgh, Justiaan L.C. Swanevelder INTRODUCTION TEE provides an astutely trained clinician with essential information which can significantly influence clinical management and improve patient…
Common Artifacts and Pitfalls of Clinical Echocardiography
Common Artifacts and Pitfalls of Clinical Echocardiography Fabio Guarracino and Albert C. Perrino, Jr. CLINICALLY IMPORTANT IMAGING ARTIFACTS RESULT from the interplay of the ultrasound system, the patient, and the…
Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves
Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves Rebecca A. Schroeder, Barbora Parizkova, and Jonathan B. Mark INTRODUCTION Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common concern in the perioperative period….
Two-dimensional Examination
Two-dimensional Examination Joseph P. Miller OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS there has been a great deal of emphasis on three-dimensional (3D) imaging and new technology in general. Although it is…
Cardiac Masses and Embolic Sources
Cardiac Masses and Embolic Sources Farid Jadbabaie TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (TEE) IS AN extremely useful imaging modality for the assessment of cardiac masses and sources of emboli. Enhanced resolution of TEE…
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Mitral Valve Stenosis Colleen G. Koch THE 19TH CENTURY PHYSICIAN JEAN Nicholas Corvisart established the diagnostic value of percussion in the physical diagnosis of cardiac disorders. He described the diastolic…
Echocardiography for Percutaneous Aortic Valve and Mitral Clip Implantation
Echocardiography for Percutaneous Aortic Valve and Mitral Clip Implantation Chirojit Mukherjee INTRODUCTION The most frequent valvular disease in adults is calcification of the aortic valve. The average age of patients…
Principles and Technology of Two-dimensional Echocardiography
Principles and Technology of Two-dimensional Echocardiography Andrew Maslow and Albert C. Perrino, Jr. TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY GENERATES DYNAMIC IMAGES of the heart from reflections of transmitted ultrasound. The echocardiography system transmits…
