Radiology Key

Study – tibiotalar joint injection Author Accuracy (%) Palpation Wisniewski et al. [4] 88 Ultrasound guided Kirk et al. [5] 100 Scanning Techniques and Anatomy to Identify Scan the anterior…

Comparison of verbal numeric pain scale  Baseline 2 weeks after injection 12 weeks after injection Ultrasound-guided approach 6.15 ± 0.79 3.20 ± 0.51 2.62 ± 0.45 Fluoroscopy-guided approach 6.06 ± 0.82 3.17 ± 0.52 2.61 ± 0.42 Scanning Technique and Anatomy to…

Fig. 4.1 (a) Axial view of the carpal tunnel. (b) Orange oval, flexor carpi radialis; purple oval, palmaris longus; yellow oval, median nerve; FPL flexor pollicis longus; D and S…

Fig. 3.1 (a) Coronal view of the common flexor tendons. (b) Tr-trochlea, asterisk indicates joint space, orange indicates common flexor tendons, and green indicates ulnar collateral ligament Injection Technique: In-Plane…

Study hip joint injection Author Accuracy Ultrasound guided Smith et al. [5] 97 % fluoro confirmed Ultrasound guided Pourbagher et al. [6]. 100 % CT confirmed Ultrasound guided Levi [7]…

Study Author Outcomes Clinical utility of ultrasound guidance for intra-articular knee injections Berkoff et al. [2] Image-guided Accuracy 96.7 % vs. anatomic (blind) 81.0 %, 75 % reduction in significant…

Author Location of injectate Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Within tendon sheath Inside tendon, tendon sheath, and surrounding area Outside tendon sheath Hashiuchi, 2011 Ultrasound-guided 86.7 % 13.3 %…

Study Sample size Transducer/US system TrP ultrasound appearance Sikdar et al. [27] 9 Linear array12–5 MHz (Philip iU22 clinical US system with L12–5 transducer) “Focal hypoechoic (darker) areas with heterogeneous…

Pattern Etiology Flexor synergy with hemiparesis CVA, traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy Crouch gait Cerebral palsy Torticollis Prematurity, cervical dystonia Scissoring gait Cerebral palsy A comprehensive approach considering…

Fig. 1.1 (a) Example of short-axis (to the nerve) in-plane (to the needle) injection. (b) Example of short-axis (to the nerve) out-of-plane (to the needle) injection Fig. 1.2 When the…