Differential diagnosis VI: normal variants
Figure 12.1 Physiologic SPNBF. A, Anteroposterior (AP) view of the left femur in a two-month-old infant demonstrates SPNBF along the medial (open arrow) and lateral (solid arrows) aspects of the…
Abusive head trauma: scalp, subscalp, and cranium
Figure 17.1 Normal scalp anatomy. Anatomic representation illustrating the various anatomic layers of the scalp, using the mnemonic SCALP (Skin, Connective subcutaneous tissue, Aponeurotica, Loose avascular connective tissue, Pericranium). (Reprinted…
Differential diagnosis I: diseases, dysplasias, and syndromes
Shaft fracture Subperiosteal new bone Metaphyseal irregularity Generalized osteopenia Comments Osteogenesis imperfecta + + +/- + First fracture may occur before osteopenia is evident Scurvy – + + + Diet…
Abusive head trauma: parenchymal injury
Figure 19.1 Delayed necrosis on DWI in a two-month-old infant. This child presented with encephalopathy and respiratory failure requiring intubation. An outside CT was performed due to the encephalopathy and…
Miscellaneous forms of abuse and neglect
Figure 23.1 Inflicted fracture and neglect in a disabled child. AP view of the humerus in a one-year-old child with Down syndrome receiving physical therapy for spasticity demonstrates a mature…
Skeletal trauma: general considerations
High specificity* CMLs Rib fractures, especially posteromedial Scapular fractures Spinous process fractures Sternal fractures Moderate specificity Multiple fractures, especially bilateral Fractures of different ages Epiphyseal separations Vertebral body fractures and…
The skeleton: structure, growth and development, and basis of skeletal injury
Figure 1.1 Proximal femur from an older child demonstrating the cortex, medullary cavity, growth plates, apophysis, and articular surface. Tan-white and smooth-surfaced, bones are the hardest and strongest structures of…
Differential diagnosis V: obstetric trauma
Figure 11.1 Obstetric clavicle and contralateral humerus fractures. A term 9-lb, 2-oz. infant with shoulder dystocia delivered by vacuum extraction. AP radiograph of the chest reveals a displaced fracture of…
The physics and biology of magnetic resonance imaging: medical miracle anyone?
Figure 29.1 Though MR scanners are primarily used to make images of humans for medical diagnoses, they can also produce exquisite images of the complex tissue water structures within vegetables…
Radiologic image formation: physical principles, technology, and radiation dose considerations
Metric Metric definition Old units SI units Conversion factor Exposure Ionization per unit mass of air Roentgen (R) Coulombs/kilogram (C/Kg) 1 R = 2.58 × 10–4 C/Kg Air Kerma Kinetic…
