Radial Femoral Access site bleeding 0–0.6 % 3–4 % Artery complications Rare local irritation, pulse loss 3–9 %, forearm hematoma Pseudoaneurysm Patient discomfort Significantly reduced Increased Ambulation Immediate 2–4…
Fig. 9.1 OCT ILUMIEN PCI Optimization System (Courtesy of St. Jude Medical) Fig. 9.2 OCT Grey scale, inverted grey scale, Sepia, colored scale (a), L-display (b), 3D display (c), and…
Fig. 8.1 Ultrasound waves are generated perpendicular to the IVUS catheter (Courtesy of Boston Scientific) There are currently two different types of IVUS catheter designs; solid state and rotational and…
Fig. 2.1 Still frame of an angiogram showing a left anterior descending artery and its septal branches. (a) Flow is seen in the septal branches which course through the myocardium…
Fig. 12.1 Acute chest pain initial testing algorithm based upon pre-test probability of CAD Several studies have been published over the past 40 years correlating stress testing to ICA. The…
Where Q=flow, μ = blood viscosity, L= length stenosis, and Aa= cross-sectional area. Moreover, as blood flow converges towards a stenosis a trans-lesion pressure gradient is formed as denoted in…
Catheter Ultrasound method Catheter size (F) Frequency range (MHz) Depth of field (cm) Steerability Doppler/color ViewFlex PLUSa Phased-array 9 4.5–8.5 Up to 21 Anterior/posterior, 120° Yes AcuNav# Phased-array 8 or…
Fig. 10.1 Patterns of coronary calcification by IVUS. Calcification is defined as superficial (a) or deep (b) when the leading edge of the attenuated signal is within the shallowest or…
Typical angina 1. Substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic quality and duration 2. Worse with exertion or emotional stress 3. Relieved by rest or nitroglycerin Atypical angina: meets two of…
Fig. 1.1 Figure displaying normal ostia of the left and right coronary arteries arising from the left and right coronary cusps, respectively. Notice the ostia arise between the margin of…
