Fig. 12.1 Sacral insufficiency fracture. 86-year-old male with a history of T3 N0 M0 adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy including 45 Gy administered at 1.8 Gy per…
Fig. 9.1 Rectal Telangiectasia Density (RTD) grading scale. (The highest grade visualized during endoscopic evaluation with colonic lumen in view represents the RTD grade of the patient). Adapted from Chi…
Fig. 5.1 a Rectal mucosa of non-irradiated rat. b–f Rectal mucosa of rat 10 days, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 37 weeks following index irradiation, respectively. (With permission…
Fig. 3.1 Scheme demonstrates conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimen. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimen including cycles of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin administered every 21 days including during the “resting” period after radiation…
Fig. 8.1 Histopathology revealing gastritis with foveolar hyperplasia, vascular ectasia, granulation tissue, and scattered yttrium 90 selective internal radiation microspheres. Risk Factors Some patients have increased susceptibility to radiation enteropathy….
Imaging Endoscopy Plain abdominal films Flexible proctosigmoidoscopy Computed tomography (CT) Colonoscopy Positron emission computerized tomography (PET-CT) Endoscopic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Imaging Plain abdominal films can…
No invasion Inner third Middle third Outer third Grade 1 0/55 5/61 (8 %) (2P, 1V) 0/4 Grade 2 0/17 2/41 (5 %) 1/7 (14 %) (1V) 1/2 (50 %) (1V) Grade 3…
Grade 0 1 2 3 4 Early Symptom complex No change Frequency of urination or nocturia twice pretreatment habit/dysuria, urgency not requiring medication Frequency of urination or nocturia that…
Fig. 7.1 a and b Cystoscopic view of radiation cystitis Normal bladder urothelium consists of several layers of polyhedral (transitional) cells divided into three main layers from surface to base:…
Fig. 2.1 RT fields for a stage I seminoma Fig. 2.2 a Initial RT fields for a stage IIA seminoma. Enlarged PA node in yellow-green. b Boost field for stage…
