Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas
Mary E. Meek • James C. Meek A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a direct connection between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. These high-flow, low pressure, thin-walled fistulae are…
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Howard Richard Pelvic pain can be divided into acute pain, recurrent pelvic pain, and chronic pelvic pain. Acute pain rarely lasts more than 1 month. It typically resolves of its…
Dysfunctional Hemodialysis Accesses
Dheeraj Rajan • Ricardo Yamada In 2006, the last update of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative along with the Fistula First program reinforced the concept of arteriovenous fistula (AVF)…
EVOH/DMSO in Peripheral Application
Ricardo Yamada • Andre Uflacker • Austin Bourgeois • Joshua D. Adams • Marcelo Guimaraes Onyx (Covidien, Irvine, California) was initially manufactured as a dialysis matrix for separating immunoglobulin from…
Brief History and Classification of Embolic Agents
Gary P. Siskin • Tara Murray • Marcelo Guimaraes PRINCIPLES OF EMBOLIZATION THERAPY Embolization is defined as the intentional endovascular occlusion of an artery or vein.1 Presently, this procedure has…
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Joseph J. Zechlinski • William S. Rilling Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a broad spectrum of tumors arising from neuroendocrine (NE) cells throughout the body, often secreting peptides which cause characteristic…
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Benign Liver Disease
Chang Jin Yoon • Jae Hyung Park Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been commonly used in treatment of malignant liver tumors. Although rare, however, it can be indicated in various…
Pelvic Trauma
Pierre E. Bize • Yann Lachenal • Alban Denys Pelvic hemorrhage is usually related to unstable pelvic fractures, which are observed in up to 25% of all polytrauma patients.1 Because…
Intractable Hematuria
Romaric Loffroy Intractable hematuria from the bladder is a potentially life-threatening event that raises major therapeutic challenges. Causes of severe hematuria include mainly unresectable bladder carcinoma, radiation cystitis, and cyclophosphamide-induced…
Combined Therapies
Riccardo Lencioni • Marcelo Guimaraes Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.1 Unlike most solid cancers, future incidence and mortality rates for HCC were projected…
