Elevated Diaphragm
Abstract Elevation of the diaphragm may be the result of low lung volume, but apparent asymmetric elevation of a hemidiaphragm requires an explanation and may be the result of abdominal…
Pleural Thickening and Pleural Calcification
Abstract Pleural thickening has a variety of causes and often must be distinguished from pleural masses, while pleural calcifications are frequently the result of chronic infections, including bacterial or tuberculous…
Pleural and Subpleural Opacities
Abstract Pleural and subpleural pulmonary opacities may often be distinguished by their borders, with tapered borders favoring a pleural origin while a sulcus sign or irregular borders favor a pulmonary…
Pleural Effusions
Abstract Pleural effusion, a common observation with a variety of causes, is a very nonspecific finding that requires a careful search for associated findings and clinical correlation. Congestive heart failure…
Chest Wall Lesions
Abstract Chest wall lesions may arise in the subcutaneous soft tissues or the thoracic cage, which includes the ribs and associated muscle, vessels, and nerves. Evaluation of the subcutaneous soft…
Introduction
Abstract Analysis of a chest x-ray requires careful review of the image to develop an accurate perception and description of the abnormalities. The basic patterns of opacities or lucent abnormalities…
Imaging of the Craniovertebral Junction
Abstract The craniovertebral junction is formed by the occipital bone, atlas, and axis. It is a complex structure and consists of osseous, soft tissue, and nervous system. In this chapter,…
Temporal Bone Tumors
Abstract The spectrum of temporal bone tumors can be considered to be broad and various, ranging from rather frequent and benign lesions, such as meningioma and vestibulocochlearschwannoma, to rare and…
Update on Imaging of Hearing Loss
Abstract In the imaging evaluation of hearing loss, the radiologic examination is complementary to the physical examination. The clinical evaluation includes not only an accurate history of the hearing loss…
Skull Base Bone Lesions II: Benign and Malignant Tumors
Abstract This chapter describes primary and secondary bone tumors affecting the skull base and provides important epidemiologic and imaging clues for the differential diagnosis. Except for bone metastases, bone tumors…
