Scale Description Reference (A) Physician measured Disease specific Expanded (Kurtzke) Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 20-Step ordinal scale. Benchmark position despite poor metric properties Hobart et al. (2000) Multiple Sclerosis Functional…
Indirect effects Active (consequences of molecular changes in immune cells exposed to systemic therapy) Passive (deletion of immune cells or blocking CNS access) Molecules expressed by modulated immune cells could…
Fig. 7.1 There are multiple considerations when designing the clinical translation of cell therapy. These include choosing the relevant therapeutic target(s) for the candidate disease, choosing the proper cellular platform,…
Fig. 3.1 At rest, microglia display a ramified morphology with a thin rod-like cell body. Upon activation, microglia transition to an intermediate hyper-ramified morphology, followed by an activated morphology with…
Fig. 14.1 Distribution and frequency of NETs It is clear that both patients and practitioners need a heightened awareness of the symptoms of the condition that can often masquerade as other…
Fig. 12.1 Tijeras-Raballand—overview of the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic agents Primary resistance may be due to the fact that some tumors produce redundant pro-angiogenic factors besides VEGF…
Clinical features Frequency % Mediators Flushing 85–90 Kallikreine, histamine, 5-HT, prostaglandins, substance P • Pink/red/purple • Face, neck, upper chest • Limited duration Diarrhea 70 Gastrin, 5-HT, prostaglandins, histamine, vasoactive intestinal…
Fig. 11.1 Representative MR imaging aspects of liver metastases of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Lesions present with a hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (a) and hypointensity on fat-saturated T1-weighted images (b). After…
Fig. 1.1 Patient with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: Octreoscan® SPECT-CT showed liver metastases Despite greater sensitivity, limitations of Octreoscan® scintigraphy should be noted. The methodology clearly influenced the sensitivity of the examination….
Fig. 7.1 45-year-old man with small bowel neuroendocrine tumor, with left hepatectomy for liver metastasis. a Axial CT scan (arterial phase) shows new metastatic liver lesion in the remnant right liver….
