Radiology Key

BMI is widely used in clinical trials because it is effectively free and proportional to whole-body percent fat by other methods. Flegal and colleagues [2] found that BMI, waste circumference,…

Imaging modality Radiation dose Key measurements Common applications Echocardiography (2D, 3D, exercise stress, dobutamine stress, transesophageal) None Wall thickness, cardiac chamber size in systole or diastole, valvular anatomy and function,…

Fig. 13.1 One of the many illustrations of the human retina done by SR Cajal around 1880 that earned him the Nobel Prize in Medicine. While some details are incorrect,…

Fig. 15.1 Number of performed or ongoing oncological and non-oncological registered clinical trials from 01/2007 to 06/2010 using contrast media, (a) to investigate the CM itself or (b) to diagnose/monitor…

Criteria Measurement Score Heterogeneity (HET) None 0 Mild 1 Moderate 2 Marked 3 Cyst formation/necrosis (CN) None 0 Equivocal 1 Yes 2 Hemorrhage (HEM) None 0 Equivocal 1 Yes 2…

Predicted outcome Actual outcome Positive Negative Positive True-positive False-negative Negative False-negative True-negative With this concept, we can then calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the technique. The sensitivity is the…

Radioisotope Half-life (approx.) 81mKr 13 s 99mTc 6 h 131I 8 days 51Cr 1 month 137Cs 30 years 241Am 462 years 226Ra 1,620 years 238U 4.51 × 109 years Nuclear Imaging Technique…

Fig. 5.1 Consensus read. R1 = Reader 1, R2 = Reader 2, R3 = Reader 3 At face value this provides a straightforward methodology, with a single outcome of the…

Fig. 4.1 Standard, five-session read design for oncology trials Reader Allocation for Oncology Trials The generally accepted industry standard reader allocation for a pivotal Phase 3 oncology trial in which…