The Gastrointestinal Tract Barbara Hall-Terracciano OBJECTIVES Understand the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, including the five sonographic layers of the bowel wall. Define the process for sonographic evaluation of the…

The Gallbladder and Biliary System Teresa M. Bieker OBJECTIVES Illustrate surface, relational, and internal anatomy of the normal gallbladder and biliary system. Discuss the embryologic development, common anatomic variants, and…

The Liver M. Robert Dejong Jeanine Rybyinski OBJECTIVES Identify the normal anatomy of the liver including the liver lobes, segments, fissures, ligaments, and hepatic vasculature. Describe the different lobar divisions…

The Prostate Gland George M. Kennedy-Antillon OBJECTIVES Discuss embryologic development, differentiation of structures, and hormones influencing maturation of the prostate gland. Identify surface, relational, and internal prostate anatomy to include…

Foreign Bodies Tim S. Gibbs OBJECTIVES Identify and give examples of different types of soft-tissue foreign bodies (STFBs) based on composition. Explain sensitivity and specificity. List the important information the…

The Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, and Neck Ambree Penrod OBJECTIVES Describe the thyroid gland embryology, surface anatomy, anatomic variants, and the common relational landmarks. Discuss the physiology of the thyroid…

Interventional Procedures Aubrey J. Rybyinski OBJECTIVES Describe the benefits of sonography-guided interventional procedures. Discuss the indications and contraindications for sonography-guided interventional procedures. Explain the role of the sonographer during sonography-guided…

The Infant Spine Tara K. Cielma Anjum N. Bandarkar OBJECTIVES Describe the embryological development of the spine. Define the process for sonographic evaluation of the spine. List the clinical indications…

The Adrenal Glands Amber Wooten OBJECTIVES Identify the sonographic role in the evaluation of the adrenal glands. Describe the embryologic development of the adrenal glands. Discuss the anatomy and physiology…

The Retroperitoneum Joie Burns OBJECTIVES Identify the compartments of the retroperitoneum and the fascia that divide them. List the muscles, organs, and vessels normally found in each retroperitoneal compartment. Differentiate…