Structural MRI in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism
Fig. 7.1 Midsagittal T1-weighted MR images in a patient with PD (a), a patient with MSA-P (MSA with predominant parkinsonism) (b), and a patient with PSP (c). a No pontine…
Other Gait Disorders
Fig. 15.1 Mesencephalic gait failure. MRI of an 83-year-old woman with gait failure after a hemorrhage in the locomotor mesencephalic region. Lesion is shown in the sagittal (a) and coronal…
Transcranial Ultrasonography in Movement Disorders
Device High-end duplex sonography devices Transducer Phased-array probe Probe emission frequency 1.8–3.5 MHz Insonation depth 14–16 cm Dynamic range 45–55 dB Contour amplification Medium to high Time gain compensation Adjusted as needed Image…
Introduction to Neuroimaging
Fig. 1.1 First ever human head image using MRI at 0.1 T from EMI Central Research Laboratories. For this image CT-type “back projection” was used. (Courtesy of Ian Young and first…
Functional MRI in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism
Fig. 9.1 a Areas of relative overactivity in normal controls compared with patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (iPD) during a complex sequential right-hand movement (z = location of area of…
Neuroimaging of Dystonia
Fig. 11.1 Gray matter volume changes in blepharospasm patients. Significant differences in gray volume, detected using voxel-based morphometry are seen in the sensorimotor area (data from [37]). Regions are shown…
Applications of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Movement Disorders
Fig. 6.1 Measurement of cortical activation during walking using NIRS system. a Subject performing a locomotor task on the treadmill. b T Cortical activation map based on the OxyHb signal…
Neuroimaging of Ataxias
Fig. 14.1 Axial Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) MRI in a patient with Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) Fig. 14.2 MRI findings associated with FXTAS. a–d T2-weighted MRI;…
Imaging in Huntington’s Disease and Other Choreas
Fig. 13.1 Metabolic network abnormalities in early Huntington’s disease, and [18F]-FDG PET study [79] Using [11C]-PK11195 and raclopride PET in ten premanifest and nine symptomatic HD gene carriers, decreased raclopride…
Neuroimaging of Basal Ganglia Calcifications
Fig. 16.1 Nonenhanced CT scan of a patient with BSPDC demonstrating bilateral, nearly symmetric calcifications of the basal ganglia and posterior thalamus. Less intense (and more punctuated) calcifications are seen…
