Iatrogenic Central venous access device (CVAD) Cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker Ventriculoatrial shunt Postoperative Cervical manipulation Neoplastic Mass effect Primary tumor Lymphadenopathy Direct invasion Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome) Posttreatment (chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy)…
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 In Figs. 9 and 10, the spinal angiographic correlation can be visualized in vivo…
Location Frequency (%) Hypertension 36 Aneurysm 36 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) 11 Others 17 Hemorrhagic strokes represent 10–15 % of all strokes and are characterized by the sudden onset of a…
Cervical spine Vertebral arteries Deep and ascending cervical arteries Thoracic and upper lumbar spine Subclavian arteries via deep cervical artery T1 and T2 segmental/intercostal arteries Aorta Thoracic segmental arteries (intercostal)…
Fig. 1 Right temporal lobe cavernous malformation. (a) T1-weighted MR. (b) Postcontrast T1-weighted MR. (c) FLAIR image. (d) Gradient-echo (GRE) T2*-weighted MR. (e) Diffusion-weighted MR. The lesion presents the characteristic…
Fig. 1 Embryology of the vertebral arteries. The vertebral arteries develop from longitudinal plexiform anastomoses of the first six cervical intersegmental arteries. The seventh cervical intersegmental arteries develop into the…
1. Coma (excluding spinal cord-mediated reflexes) 2. Absence of brain stem reflexes (a) Pupils mid-position or greater and absent pupillary light reflex (fixed dilated pupils) (b) Corneal (c) Gag/pharyngeal (d)…
Fig. 1 Conventional digital subtraction angiography of the left internal carotid arteries of a pediatric moyamoya disease patient. Anterior-posterior view (a–c) and lateral view (d–f) show steno-occlusive change of the…
Fig. 1 Aneurysm clip. The CT image shows the spring (arrow) and blade (arrowhead) components of a titanium aneurysm clip The advent of dual-energy CT (DECT) imaging in conjunction with…
Fig. 1 A 38-year-old woman with SCD, presenting with altered mental status. (a) Axial FLAIR image shows multiple high signal intensity lesions of the bilateral periventricular white matter (arrows). (b,…
